NOI Calculator (Net Operating Income)

Net operating income is the foundation number of income-property analysis: cap rate, DSCR and value estimates all build on it. This calculator walks through every line — from gross scheduled rent to the final NOI.

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How NOI is built

NOI = Effective Gross Income − Operating Expenses (no debt service, no capex)

Effective gross income = scheduled rent + other income (fees, parking, laundry), reduced by vacancy and credit loss. Operating expenses: property tax, insurance, management fee, maintenance and repairs, utilities you pay, and anything else except mortgage payments and capital improvements.

The two most common mistakes: subtracting the mortgage payment (that is debt service, not an operating expense) and forgetting the vacancy allowance. A 5% vacancy haircut is a common baseline for US residential.

Frequently asked questions

Does NOI include the mortgage payment?

Never. Debt service is a financing cost, not an operating cost — NOI must stay independent of financing to feed cap rate and DSCR.

Does NOI include capital expenditures (new roof, HVAC)?

No. Large irregular capex is excluded from NOI, but a monthly reserve allowance is often modeled separately when underwriting.

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Sources & notes

Last updated: 2026-09-08